Hematopoiesis and biochemical profi les of dogs' blood by chronic heart failure

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to evaluate if any signifi cant hematological and biochemical changes occur in dogs with chronic heart failure (CHF), that will help in the diagnosis and prognosis of CHF. According to the obtained data, neutrophil leukocytosis was found in 22.2% of the animals in the experimental group, and anemia was found in 50.0%. Among them the 77,8 % of animals had nonregenerative anemia, the 77,8 % – hypochromic anemia, 38,9 % of – microcytic anemia. Neutrophil leukocytosis was registered in dogs with regenerative shift of the nucleus to the left (13.8%) and to the right (5.6%), and without changes in the leukogram (2.8%). It should be noted that 55.6% of animals with signs of CHF were also diagnosed with changes in the ratio of segmented neutrophils (degenerative shift of the nucleus to the left) in the absence of leukocytosis. Hypoproteinemia was found in 8,3% of animals, hypoalbuminemia in 13,8%, urea and creatinine concentrations were increased in 16,7 % and 19,4%, respectively. Hypocalcaemia was observed in 5,6% of dogs, inorganic phosphorus content was higher in 13,9%, slight hyponatremia was observed in 19,4%. The activity of enzymes in the serum of dogs in the experimental group ranged widely and was higher in ALT (p <0.001), AST (p <0.05), ALP (p <0.001), GGTP (p <0.01) compared with the control group.In the experimental group of 36 animals in 22,2 % of dogs were diagnosed cholestasis, in 22,2 % – hepatopathy, in 11,1 % – chronic kidney disease, and 8,3% –enteropathy, 5,5 % – paraneoplastic syndrome. Biochemical analysis of blood in dogs with signs of CHF is relevant, because it allows to diagnose comorbidities that may worsen the prognosis in these animals, and their timely detection and correction will increase the eff ectiveness of treatment. Key words: chronic heart failure, dog, hematology analysis, anemia, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, renal failure,cholestasis, hepatopathy.