Disinfectants, modern characteristics and safety of use in animal husbandry

Abstract

In Ukraine there is a complicated epizootic situation caused by the spread of serious viral diseases, in particular in the pig breeding of African swine fever (ACS) and epidemic swine diarrhea (EDS). In such conditions, the market for disinfectants is actively developing, but often drugs do not prevent the spread of viral diseases. This is due to the discrepancy in methods and doses of application, the weak effect on certain viruses and bacteria, and also the wrong organization of disinfection. The veterinary well-being of livestock farms, complexes and poultry farms largely depends on the regular and thorough carrying out of veterinary and sanitary measures. Disinfection is an important part of the measures aimed at preventing and controlling infectious animal diseases. In most cases, existing disinfectants and recommendations for their use were designed for large commodity and industrial complexes that do not fully meet the requirements of small farms. Most commonly used disposables are toxic to humans and animals (sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, bleach, phenol and others), so they should be carefully used to prevent poisoning. In veterinary practice there are practically no ecologically clean and safe disinfection means that can be used for sanitation of various objects of veterinary supervision, including in the presence of animals and poultry. The practice of using disinfectants in agriculture for persistent chemicals such as bleach, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde and several others have proved to be unserviceable in many ways. Before all it is biological harmfulness, impossibility to carry out disinfection in the presence of animals and poultry, adaptation of pathogenic microflora, high cost, high complexity of treatment of objects, clogging of the external environment, etc. Most modern low-toxic disinfectants are used in the form of solutions by irrigation or aerosols, but it is not possible to rehabilitate their premises in the presence of animals. The use of these agents is also relatively labor-intensive, greatly increases the humidity in the room, and there is a likelihood of accumulation of their residual amounts in meat. Therefore, as an option - it is worth considering the current disinfection of premises with dry biocidal preparations, for example: Stalosan F (Vitfoss, Denmark), Dezosan Vigor (JHJ, Poland), Advais draj (NutriConcept, France), Lyubisan-eko, Lyubisan pyglet (LLC Ekodisan-Ukraine), Clinosan "ZVK" (Ukraine), Mecadzade (NPC "Globus", Ukraine) and others. These disinfectants, in their properties, are environmentally friendly, represent an amorphous powder of pleasant smell, which can absorb moisture. They are effective in the destruction and control of many bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and fly larvae. In addition, they improve the quality of the litter, reduce the ammonia content and moisture in livestock buildings. The main properties of the above-mentioned disinfectants include: use without restrictions in any livestock and poultry facilities (at doses of 30-50 g / m2, depending on the means), once a day during the first three days, then once a week at the indicated dose). In case of an increased risk of infection, use should be increased up to 2-3 times a week; urea bindings - prophylaxis of ammonia formation; prevention of manifestations of diseases associated with excessive moisture (dermatitis, coccidiosis, etc.); destruction and delay of the development of pathogenic and saprophytic molds, many bacteria (staphylococci, streptococcus, salmonella, pasteurens, emerios, coronaviruses), etc. When the disinfectant enters into or on the skin and mucous membranes, it does not exert an irritating effect on the organism of animals and birds. Has aseptic properties (healing of scratches and wounds of the skin). In the gastrointestinal tract, they destroy the pathogenic microflora; improves digestion and general physiological state. Activates indicators of humoral and cellular immunity. Improves animal survival and productivity. However, there are certain difficulties for dry disinfectants. First, imported disinfestations are relatively expensive (Stalosan F - up to 40 UAH, Dezosan Vigor - 30-35 UAH, Advice dry - 18-20, Mijsedas and Klinosan - 15-20 UAH / kg, depending on the seller price and the region. Secondly, the lack of domestic technical means for their sawing. Third, the use of the staff to certain means, and the transition to cheaper causes unpleasant organoleptic feelings during application. Thus, to date, both imported and domestic disinfectants have been developed and widely used, which are sufficiently effective. However, the range of preparations presented on the market of veterinary disinfectants does not fully meet the requirements that are being put forward to them. The means that would meet all the requirements for the quality and safety of disinfection is not enough today. Therefore, the development of new domestic disinfectants, especially dry forms, on time. Key words: veterinary well-being, veterinary-sanitary measures, sources of infection, pathogens transfer factors, susceptibility of the organism, complex of measures, disinfection tasks, disinfectant, animals, safe and high-quality products.