TESTING OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE WORK OF THE DISPENSER OF THE SEEDING APPARATUS OF THE SELECTION SEEDER OF SMALL SEED CULTURES

Abstract

In Ukraine, the most common selection planters are "Maple" planters with electromechanical seeding devices. These planters are designed for accurate row sowing of small-seeded crops on the plots of preliminary and production competitive variety testing, as well as for conducting agrotechnical research. They are equipped with a reliable electromechanical drive and a rotary seed distributor. The analysis of the operation of the "Maple" electromechanical seeding system made it possible to identify the main directions for its improvement. It is necessary to improve the working body of the seeding device in order to ensure the accuracy of sowing small-seeded crops at the level of 95.0%. The purpose of the research is the development of a mathematical model of the operation of the dispenser of the seeding apparatus of the selection seeder of small-seeded crops and its production verification. For the operation of the seeder, a program was compiled in the Arduino IDE environment, which was based on the developed mathematical model of the operation of the dispenser of the seeder of the selection seeder of small-seeded crops. A program was compiled in the Wolfram Cloud to determine the mode parameters of the seeding machine dispenser (valve rotation angle α, the time interval when the valve is open or closed Δt) taking into account the given average effective seed diameter Dμ, the seeding rate N and the movement speed of the planter V. In the following, the given program will be used when creating a production sample of the seeding machine dispenser. The results of testing the experimental sample of the improved seeding device in production conditions show that its sowing accuracy is higher (89.3–95.1%) than that of the basic planter "Klen-4.2" (85.2–92.0%). Also, the quality of sowing is indicated by the obtained plant stand density: for the improved seeding device – 982.0–1057.5 thousand units/ha, and for the basic one – 940.9–1029.8 thousand units/ha. This is at the established rate of sowing - 1,000 thousand units/ha. The yield of winter mustard was: for the improved seeding apparatus - 0.92–1.07 t/ha, and for the basic one - 0.89–1.03 t/ha. The smallest significant difference for productivity was 0.03 t/ha, which confirms the statistical adequacy of the measurement results.