INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS ON TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE FOR ZUCCHINI GROWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The results of researches of influence of mulching of soil and water-retaining granules Akvod on temperature and humidity of soil in the conditions of Forest-steppe of right-bank Ukraine are resulted. An increase in soil temperature and humidity was revealed with the use of black agrofiber mulching materials and perforated black polyethylene film, which is 1.3 and 2.6 ° C higher than the variant where soil mulching was not used. When mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film, the soil moisture was 78.1–79.0 %, which is 14.5 and 15.4 % more than the control. The increase in soil moisture against the background of water-retaining granules relative to the control averaged 14.5 %, and with the use of black polyethylene film – 15.4 %. An important indicator in identifying the influence of the studied factors is the yield. The highest yields were found when mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film 91.9 and 102.1 t / ha, which is 17.7 and 27.8 t / ha, respectively, more than the control. It was found that against the background of the introduction of Aquod granules, all the studied options provided a significantly higher yield of zucchini. The largest increase in yield relative to control was provided by the options for mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film, while the yield of marketable products increased by 24.0-34.9 t / ha. The use of mulching materials and water-retaining granules also increased the biometric parameters of zucchini products. The largest number of fruits was observed for mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film 26.3–29.4 pcs / plant. The highest fruit weight was observed for mulching the soil with black agrofiber – 299 g and perforated black polyethylene film – 314 g, which is more than the control of 13–28 g. The diameter of the fruit, depending on the use of mulching materials was in the range of 4.9 – 5.2 cm Thus, for the variety Zolotinka, the diameter of the fruit increased by 0.1 – 0.3 cm during mulching of the soil with different materials. The number of fruits, depending on the mulching material on the background of water-retaining granules in all studied variants was significantly higher. The largest number of fruits was noted for mulching the soil with agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film – 30.6–31.7 pieces / plant. In general, all the studied options provided an increase relative to control. An important indicator that affects the yield is the weight of the fruit. The highest fruit weight was recorded during mulching of the soil with perforated black polyethylene film 317 g, which is 26 g more than the control. Thus, the use of mulching materials on the background of water-retaining granules Akvod promotes more intensive fruit growth.