Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging Shows Impairment of the Counter-current Multiplication System in Diabetic Mice Kidney

Author:

Nakagawa Yusuke1,Kaseda Ryohei1ORCID,Suzuki Yuya1,Watanabe Hirofumi1ORCID,Otsuka Tadashi1ORCID,Yamamoto Suguru1,Kaneko Yoshikatsu1ORCID,Goto Shin1,Terada Yasuhiko2,Haishi Tomoyuki34ORCID,Sasaki Susumu5,Narita Ichiei1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan

2. Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

3. MRTechnology Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

4. Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan

5. Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan

Abstract

Key Points 23Na MRI allows us to noninvasively assess sodium distribution.We propose the utility of 23Na MRI for evaluating functional changes in diabetic kidney disease and not as a marker reflecting structural damage. 23Na MRI may be an early marker for structures beyond the glomeruli, enabling prompt intervention with novel efficacious tubule-targeting therapies. Background Sodium magnetic resonance imaging can noninvasively assess sodium distribution, specifically sodium concentration in the countercurrent multiplication system in the kidney, which forms a sodium concentration gradient from the cortex to the medulla, enabling efficient water reabsorption. This study aimed to investigate whether sodium magnetic resonance imaging can detect changes in sodium concentrations under normal conditions in mice and in disease models, such as a mouse model with diabetes mellitus. Methods We performed sodium and proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging using a 9.4-T vertical standard-bore superconducting magnet. Results A condition of deep anesthesia, with widened breath intervals, or furosemide administration in 6-week-old C57BL/6JJcl mice showed a decrease in both tissue sodium concentrations in the medulla and sodium concentration gradients from the cortex to the medulla. Furthermore, sodium magnetic resonance imaging revealed reductions in the sodium concentration in the medulla and in the gradient from the cortex to the medulla in BKS.Cg-Leprdb+/+ Leprdb/Jcl mice at very early type 2 diabetes mellitus stages compared with corresponding control BKS.Cg-m+/m+/Jcl mice. Conclusions The kidneys of BKS.Cg-Leprdb+/+ Leprdb/Jcl mice aged 6 weeks showed impairments in the countercurrent multiplication system. We propose the utility of 23Na MRI for evaluating functional changes in diabetic kidney disease and not as a marker that reflects structural damage. Thus, 23Na MRI may be a potentially very early marker for structures beyond the glomerulus; this may prompt intervention with novel efficacious tubule-targeting therapies.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology

Reference34 articles.

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2. Physiology of renal sodium transport;Greger;Am J Med Sci.,2000

3. Integrated control of Na transport along the nephron;Palmer;Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.,2015

4. Molecular regulation of NKCC2 in the thick ascending limb;Ares;Am J Physiol Ren Physiol.,2011

5. Localization of phosphorus metabolites and sodium ions in the rat kidney;Bogusky;Magn Reson Med.,1986

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