Urban and ecological prerequisites for the development of the Black Sea cities in the Krasnodar region with consideration of thermal and wind processes

Abstract

Introduction. Ecology of the atmospheric environment of coastal cities directly depends on the thermal and wind processes, which are formed by irradiation of the active city surface and slope mountain areas adjacent to the city, as well as the sea area. Materials and methods. The study is based on a comprehensive methodology for studying urban and ecological processes of the atmospheric environment at the macro- and mesoecological level of urban planning. Modern computer models ICON, GFS and GEM utilized in applied meteorology were used, as well as the semi-graphical method of modeling daily pollution dome transformation based on thermophysical and aerodynamic laws of atmospheric environment and irradiation of the building’s active surface and of the surrounding landscape. Results. The transformation and movement chart of the air pollution dome formed over the city during the day in the “mountains – city – sea” system is presented. It is proved that in the warm season in the first half of the day, the maximum accumulation zone of negative atmospheric pollutants is located in the mountain foothills facing east, by mid-day it will be shifted to the center of the city, and in the evening the maximum pollution will be observed in the coastal zone. The presented ecological efficiency in urban planning on the example of the Black Sea cities of Novorossiysk and Tuapse allows for the assessment of the thermal and wind process impact on the transformation and movement of atmospheric pollution dome in complex terrain and sea area conditions using the assessment classification of “satisfactory” in the first half of the day, “good” in the day and evening. Conclusions. The research is particularly relevant in southern cities located on the coast and bordering the mountainous territory. The main urban and ecological principle of planning organization in the reconstruction, planning and development of coastal cities and towns is the mechanism of thermodynamic and aerodynamic processes of the atmospheric environment, expressed in the form of sea breeze and mountain-valley circulation, as well as convective flows, the study of which allowed to formulate practical recommendations.