Methods for calculating the pollutants dispersion in the urban atmosphere

Abstract

Introduction. The important peculiarity of urban ecology is air dusting with pollutants PM2.5 formed in traffic dangerous for health of city-dwellers. The work aim is the comparative analysis of methods and techniques of pollutants dispersion calculation (in general and as applied to PM2.5) in the city atmosphere, based on the Gaussian models, simulation models, models with partial derivative equations and statistical models. Materials and methods. Analytical generalization and systematization of the experience of domestic and foreign studies set forth in the research literature were applied. Results. Comparative analysis showed that most of the reviewed methods and techniques in the calculation of the pollutants dispersion takes into account only the parameters of the pollution source, which makes it possible to choose the correct location and capacity. However, for all the merits of all the methods and techniques do not take into account landscaping within the city, which according to recent research has a significant impact on reducing urban air pollution, including in relation to particles PM2.5. Conclusions. The next step towards the development of calculation methods and techniques for the dispersion of pollutants in the urban atmosphere in order to ensure the environmental safety of the urban environment is the development of a methodology that allows for the calculation of the concentration of pollutants to take into account the dust absorption capacity of plantings with respect to PM2.5 particles and sorption properties of the deciduous surface of trees and shrubs in the study area. This technique can determine the placement of landscaping objects (trees, shrubs), lawn urban landscaping and landscaping of roofs and stylobates of residential and public buildings in order to reduce PM2.5.