Thermal assessment of vertical enclosing structures taking into account thermal effects

Abstract

Introduction. The hot and unfavorable climate, affecting both the person and the building as a whole, increases more and more every year. This trend of temperature increase is noted not only in the cities of the southern region of the Russian Federation, but also in the world, which is caused by the problem of global warming. Identification of the values of thermal effects on buildings and structures in the aspect of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is a priority. Materials and methods. The calculation method is presented in the form of a formulaic mathematical model and a numerical method using a software package. The object of the study is a residential building with a frame system construction and frame scheme. Enclosing structures are made of aerated concrete blocks with the device of wet and ventilated facade. Results. Qualitative and quantitative results of the study are presented in the form of graphical calculations. The results of the energy audit of enclosing structures under conditions of loading by thermal influences are obtained. Temperature dependences between the surface outside of the envelope and inside are established. Critical temperatures on the surface of enclosing structures outside the room at which unfavorable conditions are observed on the surface inside are determined. Problems in the field of determining the threat of external thermal factors on the enclosing structures taking into account their vulnerable parts in the application of two methods of thermal loads control in the conditions of unsteady heat transfer have been solved. Conclusions. A calculation procedure using the finite element method by means of a software package under conditions of thermal effects on the enclosing structures has been developed, which allows to predict the temperature shifts on the wall surface inside the room. A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the recommended structures used for building envelope design is carried out. The conditions for energy efficiency improvement in the application of two methods of thermal load control under unsteady heat transfer conditions have been identified, and recommendations for improving the energy efficiency of building envelope structures have been developed.