Nanofibers for Drug Delivery: Design and Fabrication Strategies

Abstract

Abstract Nanotechnology is an emerging field with substantial scientific and economic potential globally. Researchers are increasingly focusing on creating nanomaterials for diverse applications. This review explores the potential of drug-loaded nanofibers for drug delivery and describes their production methods, including centrifugal jet spinning, plasma-induced synthesis, solution blow spinning (SBS), pressure spinning, and electrospinning. Nanofibers, owing to their extensive surface area relative to their volume, are believed to enhance interactions with target substances and therefore are valuable in numerous applications. This review provides a thorough exploration of fabrication techniques, encompassing fundamental concepts, methods, and material aspects. Furthermore, it provides perspectives on the variables affecting the production and application of nanofibers, such as electrospinning parameters (including electric field intensity, needle size, flow rate, and distance between the needle and collector), solution characteristics (such as polymer concentration, solvent type, conductivity, and viscosity), and environmental factors (such as temperature and humidity). Additionally, an extensive compilation of patents related to nanofiber-based drug delivery systems is presented, showcasing innovations and advancements in the field. The review also examines current clinical trials involving nanofiber technologies, providing insights into their therapeutic potential and translational prospects. This review is aimed at presenting an overview of nanofiber drug delivery systems, and identifying future opportunities and challenges in their development and application.