Expect the Unexpected!! – Transient Cranial Nerve Palsies after Radiofrequency Ablation of Gasserian Ganglion for Trigeminal Neuralgia

Abstract

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common type of craniofacial neuralgia, characterized by paroxysmal lancinating electric shock-like pain confined to the somatosensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Fluoroscopy-guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Gasserian Ganglion (RFA-GG) is the commonly performed minimally invasive pain intervention in these patients. Various complications such as masseter weakness, corneal anesthesia, dysesthesia, anesthesia dolorosa, keratitis, and cranial nerve deficits have been reported during the procedure. We present the case of a 58-year-old male diagnosed with left-sided trigeminal neuralgia involving mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3 division) with a Numerical Rating Scale of 9/10 at the time of presentation. As the patient was unresponsive to medical management, RFA of the V3 division of GG was performed with acceptable sensory and motor stimulation. Postablation, 1 ml of 1.0% Lidocaine injection with 2 mg injection dexamethasone was given. After the procedure, the patient complained of dizziness, left-sided hearing loss, and double vision on looking toward the left side. On examination, deviation of the angle of the mouth toward the right side, reduced blink reflex on the left side, and incomplete closure of the left eyelid were observed. Vitals were stable and there was no respiratory discomfort. The patient was reassured and monitored in the recovery room. Signs and symptoms were transient and the patient recovered completely after 45 min. Clinical findings were suggestive of the involvement of three cranial nerves: the abducens nerve, the facial nerve, and the vestibulocochlear nerve. Spillage of local anesthetic solution into adjacent cranial nerves surrounding the GG might be the causative mechanism for transient cranial nerve palsies in this case.