Flakka: “The Zombie Drug” A Medicolegal Concern: An Updated Review of α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone

Abstract

α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP), also known as “Flakka,” is a synthetic cathinone drug that is being sold on the illicit drug market as a substitute for cocaine, methamphetamine, and MDPV. It is particularly popular in underdeveloped communities. The drug is often consumed in powder, crystalline, tablet, or capsule form. It is important to note that commercial products containing α-PVP are labeled as “not for human consumption” or “for research use only.” When ingested, α-PVP increases the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to feelings of euphoria, alertness, and well-being. However, it also comes with a range of negative side effects, including increased heart rate, mania, high blood pressure, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, and agitation. In severe cases, it can even cause delusions, epilepsy, and violent behavior, potentially resulting in suicide or homicide. In conclusion, according to the serious health and safety risks associated with α-PVP, it is crucial for comprehensive research to be conducted, particularly in Middle Eastern countries. Targeted prevention efforts and effective legislation are also necessary to address the harm caused by this dangerous substance. By understanding the various aspects of α-PVP, health-care professionals, law enforcement agencies, and policymakers can work together to mitigate its impact on individuals and communities and create a safer environment.