The necessity and reasons for referrals to endodontists among general dentists in Mashhad: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the necessity and reasons for patient referral to endodontists among general dentists in Mashhad, Iran, in 2021. Materials and Methods: This research employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Two hundred general dentists participated in the survey, answering a questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity. The questions focused on their reasoning for deciding to perform or not perform root canal treatment, their rationale for referring or not referring patients to endodontists, and the factors influencing these decisions. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-19 software, using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests (α = 0.05). Results: Of the respondents, 68% performed root canal therapy routinely, while 8.5% reported never performing root treatment. Men were more likely to perform root canal therapy than women (P < 0.001). Among the dentists who performed root canal therapy, 76.5% considered endodontic referrals necessary, and the number of referrals was higher among female dentists than male dentists (P < 0.001). Overall, the main reasons for referral to endodontists include noncooperation of the patient, open apex, and mouth opening limitations. Fear of losing the patient and the high costs of specialized treatment were the reasons for nonreferral to endodontists. Conclusion: There is a need to eliminate the barriers to endodontic referral among general dentists in Mashhad. Economic issues played a substantial role in dentists’ unwillingness to perform root canal therapy and endodontic referral. The study provides insights into the reasons for referral, which can guide the development of strategies to improve endodontic care and patient outcomes.