An Audit of Histopathological Pattern of Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma - A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a type of reactive hyperplastic lesion in the oral cavity that develops due to local irritation or chronic trauma, originating from the periosteum or periodontal membrane. It primarily affects the alveolar mucosa of the posterior mandibular region and has a peak incidence in the age range of the fourth to sixth decades of life, with a 2:1 female predilection. The aim of the study was to analyse the histopathological pattern of peripheral giant cell granuloma. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital from 2018 to 2023 after obtaining the required institutional ethical board approval (SMC/UECM/2023/627/296). All the cases of maxillofacial lesions referred/reported to and which conformed to the set inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Data were analysed by calculating the percentage of the variables. IBM SPSS version 20 software was used to analyse the descriptive data. Results: Out of 12 patients, four were males and eight were females. The age ranged from 20 to 60 years with an average age of 40 years. All the patients included in the study showed multinucleated giant cells and inflammatory cells, 83.3% showed fibrous stroma and 50% showed para-keratinisation and haemosiderin pigments. Discussion: PGCG, a reparative lesion, seems to occur mostly in the 40–60 years of life with female predilection and commonly seen histopathological features included multinuclear giant cells, inflammatory cells in all cases, 83.3% fibrous stroma and 50% both para-keratinisation and haemosiderin pigments.