Effect of radiotherapy on phagocytosis percentage and index in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Phagocytosis plays an important role in the fundamental process of immunity and maintains systemic tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis function is assessed in radiotherapy to signify the prognosis of patient. Therefore, we designed a study to assess and compare the phagocytosis percentage and phagocytic index of the leucocytes in patients with oral cancer before and after radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects of both genders, between 50 and 75 years old, were included in the study. The subjects were categorized into three groups: group I: oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients before radiotherapy (n = 20), group II: OSCC patients after radiotherapy (n = 20), and group III: control (n = 20). Further, 2-mL blood samples were collected from the patients during the 1st day before radiotherapy and at the end of radiotherapy. The obtained samples were centrifuged, separated leucocytes were incubated with C. albicans, and smears were made to determine the phagocytosis percentage and phagocytic index. The obtained values were tabulated and statistically analyzed. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Phagocytosis percentage and phagocytic index of OSCC patients before radiotherapy, OSCC patients after radiotherapy, and in the control group and the difference was found to be statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Phagocytosis function can be determined by assessing the phagocytic index and percentage to know the effect of radiotherapy-induced systemic immune suppression and predict the prognosis of OSCC patients after radiotherapy.