Histomorphologic analysis of ovarian tumors according to the New 2020 WHO classification of female genital tumors

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: In terms of female genital tract-related cancers, ovarian tumors account for 3% of all tumors. On the basis of gross, radiological, and clinical features alone, ovarian neoplasms cannot be diagnosed. Therefore, a clear histological diagnosis is necessary before beginning a permanent course of therapy. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Material and Methods: In this ambispective study, a total of 480 patients with ovarian tumors were included from January 2015 to July 2022 at a tertiary care center in western Maharashtra. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics-percentages, mean, and Chi-square test (to calculate P value) were used to analyze the collected data. Aim: To determine clinical presentation, age distribution and incidence of various morphological and histological variants of ovarian tumors. Results: Out of 480, 250 cases (52%) in 41–50 years of age, followed by 154 cases (32%) in 21–30 years of age. Our study showed 301 cases of benign, 42 cases of borderline, and 137 cases of malignant neoplasms of ovary out of 480 cases studied. Out of 480 cases, 244 cases (50.83%) were cystic, 138 cases (28.75%) were solid, and 98 cases (20.42%) were mixed (cystic/solid). Out of 480 cases, 326 cases (67.91%) were surface epithelial ovarian neoplasms. In this research, most frequent ovarian neoplasms were serous tumors in 216 cases (45%) followed by mucinous tumors in 78 cases (16.25%). In 96% cases, clinical diagnosis matched with histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion: In our research, benign ovarian neoplasms were most frequent. Serous tumors were the most frequent type of surface epithelial neoplasms followed by mucinous tumors. Peak incidence was seen in fifth decade. Higher risk of malignancy was seen in nulliparity or low parity and early menarche not associated with risk of malignancy. Cystic morphology more common in benign neoplasms and complex or solid morphology showed greatest increase in incidence of malignancy. Latest WHO classification has important impact on prognosis and therapy of the patient.