Smoking cessation through nicotine replacement therapy for patients visiting the Dental College, Pune – A quasi-experimental study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Smoking leads to a very unhealthy lifestyle and has many deleterious effects on the body and surroundings. Studies have indicated that aiding contemplating smokers using behavior counseling and nicotine replacement therapy has shown positive results for abstaining from the habit. We aimed to assess and carry out smoking cessation for smokers using behavioral counseling, motivational interviewing, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and assess their carbon monoxide (CO) cutoff level, Fagerstrom nicotine dependence test (FTND) scoring, and transtheoretical model (TTM) of change at baseline and 6 months, along with abstinence from the habit. Materials and Methods: CO cutoff, FTND scoring, and TTM of change were assessed at baseline and 6 months for smokers. Behavioral counseling with motivational interviewing was provided to the participants on the day of recruitment, and baseline data were recorded. All smokers included in the study were in the precontemplation and contemplation stages to quit smoking. Based on the frequency of smoking, NRT was prescribed to them in the form of a patch (21, 14, or 7 mg), only gums (2 mg), or a combination of both. Counseling was provided telephonically every month for 6 months. Urine cotinine assessment was carried out to verify the self-reported smoking status of the participants at the sixth month. Results: The CO cutoff, FTND scoring, and TTM of change showed statistically significant difference from baseline to the sixth month. Also, 20% (confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.33) of participants who abstained from the habit were in the action and maintenance stages of change. Among 20% of participants, 16% (CI 0.10–0.36) of participants self-reported quitting within 6 months using combination therapy. Two percent (CI 0.00–0.40) each abstained by using nicotine gums and combination therapy of patch and gums, which was validated through urine cotinine. Conclusion: The cotinine test provided negative results, confirming the self-reported abstinence of 20% of participants, who were mostly male students and professionals in the age group of 20–40 years and those who used NRT. Nicotine patches provided the highest point prevalence of abstinence compared to gums and combination therapy.