The Comparison between the Effect of Probiotics and Antibiotics against Enterotoxin A Produced by Staphylococcus aureus Microbial and Histopathological Study

Abstract

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen that causes nosocomial infections as well as community-acquired diseases; the spectrum of S. aureus infections ranges from pimples and furuncles to toxic shock syndrome and sepsis. Probiotics, which are defined as “live microorganisms that, when taken in suitable proportions, impart a health benefit on the host beyond basic nourishment,” have attracted increasing public and scientific interest in recent years; probiotics are crucial for preserving the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier and preventing the expansion of potentially harmful bacteria. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of probiotics to protect against the Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) of S. aureus on different organs of rats comparing with the effect of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five isolates were obtained from a variety of clinical locations. The gene sea was detected by using specific primer, 20 rats were used in this study and randomly divided into 5 groups. A complete necropsy was performed for all the animals. Results: The results of the sea gene showed that 16 out of 25 isolates harbored this gene. And the photomicrograph of liver and intestine, after treatment by probiotics (bacteria and yeast), revealed normal hepatocytes and newly formed villi with mild thickness and intact a muscular layer, respectively. At the same time, after treatment with antibiotics, the results showed remarkable reversible changes of hepatic architecture, areas of hepatocytes with normal arrangements and reversible changes, and these were represented by a significant villi length and the areas of necrosis in a muscular layer in liver and intestine, respectively. Conclusion: The conclusion revealed, probiotics of both types (bacteria and yeast) showed curable effect in the organs under study that were altered by SEA and gave efficient effect as much as antibiotics, and also suggested the usage of probiotics instead of antibiotics for better health.