Serological detection of hepatitis B virus e antigen and TNF-α in a dialysis patient

Abstract

Abstract Background: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for all forms of hepatitis (occult HBV infection [OBI]) endangering the health of the public. The growth, division, and activity of immune cells are governed by chemical mediators called cytokines. Evidence suggests that inadequate immune responses contribute to the persistence of HBV. Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) among HBV surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+) persons by analyzing the association between age and gender and the severity of HBV infection. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two individuals from August 2022 to November 2022 were hired: a total of 35 healthy participants and 37 persons with acute or chronic HBV infection. Healthy controls and research participants ranged from 20 to 80 years old, and all of them were analyzed using serum samples (3 mL). The levels of HBV, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and HBeAg in the blood were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: 37 affirmatives out of 72 Using a double-antibody sandwich ELISA, we determined that our HBV participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings of the HBsAg ELISA Kit indicated that the prevalence of HBsAg was greatest in those 35–49 years old (32.5%) and lowest in those 20–34 years old (21.6%) and 50–64 years old (21.6%). The HBsAg ELISA Kit result showed that the 37 patients who tested positive for HBsAg, 22 were female (59.5%), and 15 were male (40.5%). This suggests that the prevalence of HBsAg infection is higher in females than in males. Dialysis patients have been shown to have increased levels of HBeAg and TNF-α. Conclusions: Patients in Babylon province with chronic HBV had significantly higher than average levels of HBeAg and TNF.