Clinical Characteristics and Spectrum of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases Diagnosed in Pediatric Age Group

Abstract

Background: It is necessary as early as possible to diagnose and treat cyanotic congenital heart defects (CCHDs) because survival of them is highly related to the time of diagnosis. But not all serious congenital heart diseases (CHDs) clinically appear with cyanosis during the first few days of life. There are several types of CCHD, some of them are more common like tetralogy of fallot (TOF), transposition of great arteries (TGA), and tricuspid atresia. Aim: This study was conducted to determine various types of cyanotic CHDs and clinical presentations of cyanotic CHDs and different procedures were done for them in children at Erbil. Materials and Methods: This was prospective, cross-sectional study, carried out in Pediatric Cardiac Department of Hawler Surgical Specialty Hospital-Cardiac Centre. All patients aged 0-18 years were included in the study. Results: During the study period, 124 cases were diagnosed with cyanotic CHDs. The common CHD type was TOF (46.8%), followed by D-TGA (12.1%), DORV (10.5%), tricuspid atresia (9.7%), and single ventricle (8.9%). Interventional management was done in 44.4% of studied children with CCHDs, total surgical repair was main procedure (14.5%). The common symptoms of cyanotic CHDs were commonly murmur (90.3%), shortness of breath (85.5%), cyanosis (76.6%), and fatigue (76.5%). Conclusion: TOF was the most common CCHD noted in our study. Ebstein anomaly, truncus arteriosus, and PPH were the least prevalence CCHD. Heart murmur was the most common presenting sign while shortness of breath and central cyanosis were the most common presenting symptoms.