Exploring the Role of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Values in Patients with Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been a difficult entity to define. The use of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) for the measurement of portal pressure is well established in chronic liver disease. This is based on data showing that improvements in the HVPG are associated with improvements in clinical outcomes. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study conducted in the department of gastroenterology of a tertiary care center in Northern India for 2 years. Thirty cases each of ACLF (Group I), compensated cirrhosis (Group II), and decompensated cirrhosis (Group III) were enrolled. We evaluated the role of HVPG values and complications in patients with liver disease. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 44.2 ± 7.3 years. The most common etiology of ACLF noted in the study was alcohol (54.4%), followed by infections by hepatotropic viruses (22.2%). ACLF has high short-term mortality compared to compensated and decompensated cirrhotics. Compensated cirrhosis is associated with the lower risk of bleed. The model for end-stage liver disease score was higher among the patients of ACLF (25.2 ± 3.1) and decompensated cirrhosis (23.93 ± 2.8) than compensated cirrhotics (9.7 ± 1.8). The mean HVPG was 12.3 ± 7.5 mmHg, which was significantly higher than the normal gradient. It was also noted that the HVPG was significantly higher in the ACLF and decompensated cirrhotics. Conclusions: HVPG monitoring is recommended in ACLF and decompensated liver disease at admission to stratify the risk of early mortality.