The learning curve for transurethral enucleation with bipolar energy for benign prostate hyperplasia: a single-surgeon experience of 494 patients

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the learning curve of transurethral enucleation with bipolar energy (TUEB) for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The study involved 494 consecutive patients who underwent TUEB for benign prostatic hyperplasia from August 2018 to March 2022 by one surgeon (SJJ, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea). The patients were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. To evaluate the learning curve of TUEB, perioperative parameters including the enucleation ratio (enucleated tissue weight/transitional zone volume), TUEB efficiency (enucleated tissue weight/operation time), and enucleation efficiency (enucleated tissue weight/enucleation time) were analyzed. Functional outcomes and postoperative complications were also assessed, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS quality-of-life (QoL) score, and uroflowmetry outcomes. The patients’ median age was 72 (interquartile range [IQR]: 66–78) years, and the estimated prostate volume and transitional zone volume were 63.0 (IQR: 46.0–90.6) ml and 37.1 (IQR: 24.0–60.0) ml, respectively. The enucleation ratio, TUEB efficiency, and enucleation efficiency were 0.60 (IQR: 0.46–0.54) g ml−1, 0.33 (IQR: 0.22–0.46) g min−1, and 0.50 (IQR: 0.35–0.72) g min−1, respectively, plateauing after 70 cases. The functional outcomes, including total IPSS, IPSS QoL score, and uroflowmetry outcomes, significantly improved at 6 months after TUEB (all P < 0.05), but without significant differences over the learning curve. Sixty-five (13.2%) patients developed complications after TUEB, 21.5% of whom experienced major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3). The rate of major complications declined as the number of TUEB cases increased (P = 0.013). Our results suggest that the efficiency of TUEB stabilized within 70 procedures.