Breakthrough infection among healthcare personnel following exposure to COVID-19: Experience after one year of the world’s largest vaccination drive

Author:

Das Arghya1,Khan Salman1,Vidyarthi Ashima Jain1,Gupta Raghav2,Mondal Saikat3,Singh Sheetal4,Wundavalli LaxmiTej4,Bhatnagar Sushma2,Singh Urvashi B.5,Chaudhry Rama5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology, National Cancer Institute, Jhajjar Campus, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

2. Department of Onco-Anaesthesia, Pain and Palliative Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

3. Department of Emergency Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

4. Department of Hospital Administration, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

5. Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

Abstract

ABSTRACT Context: The COVID-19 vaccination drive globally was supposedly a game-changing event. However, the emerging variants of the virus and waning immunity over time posed new challenges for breakthrough infections. Standing at the frontline of defense against COVID-19, healthcare personnel (HCP) were vulnerable to such infections. Aims: This study estimates i) the vaccine breakthrough infections (VBI) among HCP following exposure to COVID-19 cases, and ii) the mean interval between the second dose of vaccine and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 385 HCP with a history of exposure to COVID-19 cases during January and February 2022. Demographic details and clinical and vaccination history were collected from the test forms and the Web-based hospital management system. Laboratory testing of COVID-19 was carried out by real-time RT-PCR test. Results: The majority of the HCP were males (262; 68.05%) and nurses (180; 46.75%) by occupation. Two doses of vaccines were received by 278 (87.7%) HCP. VBI was confirmed in 185 (66.55%) HCP. No significant difference in VBI between the COVAXIN and COVISHIELD recipients (P = 0.69) was observed. The interval between the second dose and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly higher (P < 0.00001) in COVAXIN recipients (median 228 days) than in COVISHIELD recipients (median 95 days). Conclusions: The incidence of VBI was very high among the HCP, but not statistically different among the COVAXIN and COVISHIELD-recipients. Waning immunity over time suggests boosting immunity with a third dose because of emerging variants.

Publisher

Medknow

Subject

General Materials Science

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