From data to decisions: Exploring family planning services utilization in Karnataka and India through the prism of NFHS-4 and NFHS-5

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Family planning (FP) services are pivotal in assessing a country’s healthcare efficacy. Despite India’s strides in FP promotion, disparities persist in its utilization rates. This study analyzes Karnataka’s FP trends by using National Family Health Survey (NFHS) rounds 4 and 5, comparing its indicators with national averages. Methods: A retrospective record review-based descriptive study design was employed. Data from NFHS-4 (2015–16) and NFHS-5 (2019–21) were analyzed using MS Excel 365. Key variables included age at marriage, total fertility rate (TFR), and various contraceptive methods. Results: Karnataka exhibited a stable rate of early marriages for women and a decline among men aged 25–29 years. TFR in Karnataka slightly decreased, with increased contraceptive usage and significant growth in modern contraceptive methods. However, male sterilization rates remained low. There was an improvement in health workers’ engagement with female non-users and in providing information on contraceptive side effects. Conclusion: While Karnataka has progressed in FP, challenges such as early marriages persist. Enhancing integration, leveraging technology, and empowering women are essential for comprehensive FP services in India.