Ecopharmacovigilance: A new direction toward “One Health”

Abstract

Abstract The “One Health concept” recognizes the interdependence and firmly relationship between human health, that of domestic and wild animals, plants, and the environment as a whole, including ecosystems. Pharmaceutical pollution affects the environment either directly or indirectly, posing a risk to human health and welfare. A tool that aids in the identification, assessment, comprehension, and mitigation of pharmaceutical adverse effects in the environment is referred to as ecopharmacovigilance (EPV). This can aid in the containment of pharmaceutical pollution. This narrative review explores the consequences of prolonged exposure to pharmaceutical pollutants on animals and plants, emphasizing potential impacts on human health; sources and ways of environmental contamination; methods of EPV and its prospective role in achieving the overarching goals of “One Health”.