Phacoemulsification in angle-closure glaucoma: A 360° evaluation

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) morphology in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Setting and Design: A hospital-based, prospective pre- and post-interventional study was carried out in 40 PAC and PACG eyes post patent PI with visually significant cataracts. Methods: All patients underwent phacoemulsification and were evaluated for IOP control, ACA widening, and disease progression for a minimum of 6 months. Failure was defined as an IOP of >21 mmHg necessitating another intervention, including trabeculectomy and/or an increase in the required number of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) by >1. Results: A highly statistically significant reduction of IOP (P < 0.0001) was seen with an overall reduction of 42.2% over 6 months and a mean reduction of 8.9 ± 3.59 mmHg, with the requirement of AGMs reducing from 39/40 patients preoperatively to 1/38 postoperatively. Success was seen in 95% of cases, with two patients not achieving target IOP and requiring trabeculectomy. Angle widening was documented in all cases by both gonioscopy and AS-OCT, and none of the patients showed any progression in disc damage and visual field changes. Conclusion: Early cataract surgery in ACG not only helps to control IOP and disease progression by widening angles and improving aqueous outflow but also improves visual acuity and reduces the economic burden of AGMs. It also helps in better evaluation of disease progression by both structural and functional analysis, as was documented by the improved and more reliable visual field indices.