Natural course of non-center-involving diabetic macular edema progression in patients under initial observation

Abstract

Purpose: We aim to report the natural course of non-center involving diabetic macular edema (NCIDME) progression to center involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME) and associated risk factors. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective comparative study. Data was collected from electronic medical records from 8 centers in India covering. We included patients with type 2 diabetes above 18 years of age with treatment-naïve NCIDME on OCT and best-corrected visual acuity at baseline of 6/12 or better who were under observation for NCIDME and had 2 years follow-up data. Results: Out of 72 patients with NCIDME, 26.38% patients progressed to CI DME by 2 years, and the visit wise proportion was 11.11% at 6 months, 7% at 1st year and 8.3% at 2 years. The change in CST was statistically significant at 2 years in patients who developed CIDME, the mean difference was 137.73 ± 48.56 microns p = 0.045. Duration of diabetes mellitus > 10 years was the only risk factor for conversion to CIDME. Conclusion: A quarter of eyes with NCIDME developed CIDME and 15% progressed from NPDR to PDR by 2 years, highlighting the disease burden in these patients with NCIDME.