Combined corneal biomechanical and tomographical indices in subclinical and forme fruste keratoconus

Abstract

Purpose: Evaluation of combined corneal tomographic and biomechanical parameters in subclinical/forme fruste keratoconus (ScKC/FFKC). Design: Cross-sectional observational case-control study. Methods: Inclusion Criteria: Thirty-one eyes with ScKC (fellow eye of KC with any one sign: keratometry >47 diopters, cylinder >1.5 D, central corneal thickness <500 µm, with/without abnormal topography) or FFKC (fellow eye of KC with normal topography and slit lamp examination) >13 years (cases) and 44 eyes of age-matched 22 healthy subjects (controls). Exclusion Criteria: Clinically diagnosed KC, presence of corneal scars, and prior ocular surgery eyes. Study Parameters: Sixteen Pentacam, 15 Corvis ST, and five Sirius parameters were analyzed using paired sample t-test, and a subsample found to be significantly different was used in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The Youden index was calculated, and Pearson’s correlation analysis was done. Results: Five Pentacam, three Corvis ST, and two Sirius parameters had an area under curve (AUC) >0.75. Tomographic and biomechanical index (TBI) (cutoff 0.59, 95% specificity, 77% sensitivity), Belin Ambrosio enhanced ecstasia display (cutoff 1.8, 81% specificity, 80% sensitivity), and symmetry index of posterior corneal curvature (cutoff 0.16, 97% specificity, 67% sensitivity) best identified early KC. TBI strongly correlated with maximum Pentacam parameters in both cases and controls. Corvis biomechanical index strongly correlated only in cases, and SP-A1-SD weakly correlated in cases. Conclusion: Upon combined analysis, the average sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of top three parameters (according to AUC) from Pentacam and Corvis ST were 74.1% and 95.4% for posterior elevation and TBI. Trial Registration: The trial was registered in Clinical Trial Registry of India on January 28, 2022. The Trial Registration Number is REF/2022/01/050638.