Twenty-four-hour Urinary Salt Excretion on Admission Predicts Significant Weight Loss with Seven-day Dietary Salt Restriction in Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Single-center Study

Abstract

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), restricting dietary salt is recommended to prevent fluid retention. Rapid weight loss is often observed when CKD patients with a high salt intake are hospitalized and started on a low-salt diet. We investigated the effects of 7-day dietary salt restriction on weight loss in hospitalized patients with CKD. During the 7-day hospitalization, a low-salt (6 g/day) and low-protein (0.6–0.8 g/kg/day ideal body weight) diet was served to all patients. Urine samples were collected for the first 24 h after admission, and patients were divided into quartiles (Q1–Q4) by urinary salt excretion. Body weight was measured on days 1 and 7. Weight loss after admission was compared among the groups. Factors associated with weight loss were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. The mean age of the patients was 70.3 ± 11.7 years, and 73% were male. Mean weight loss was 1.6 ± 1.7 kg on day 7. Weight loss was significantly greater in Q3 and Q4 than in Q1 (P = 0.009 and P <0.001, respectively). In the univariate analysis, weight loss correlated positively with 24-h urinary salt excretion on admission (γ2 = 0.146) and body mass index (γ2 = 0.223). The 24-h urinary salt excretion on admission and BMI were independently associated with weight loss of >2 kg. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.24 (1.13–1.36) and 1.15 (1.07–1.22), respectively. Twenty-four-hour urinary salt excretion on admission is useful for predicting significant weight loss with short-term dietary salt restriction.