Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) may have a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) due to the excessive inflammatory burden. However, data on this association is still relatively limited. Aims: To investigate the association between HS and risk of prevalent and incident CAD by combining result from all available studies using systematic review and meta-analysis technique. Materials and Methods: Potentially eligible studies were identified from Medline and EMBASE databases from inception to November 2021 using search strategy that comprised of terms for 'hidradenitis suppurativa' (HS) and 'coronary artery disease' (CAD). Eligible study must be cohort study that consisted of one cohort of patients with HS and another cohort of individuals without HS. The study must report incidence or prevalence of CAD in both groups. The retrieved point estimates with standard errors from each study were summarized into pooled result using random-effect model and generic inverse variance method. Meta-analyses of the prevalent and incident CAD were conducted separately. Results: A total of 876 articles were identified. After two rounds of independent review by three investigators, seven cohort studies (four incident studies and three prevalent studies) met the eligibility criteria and were analysed in the meta-analyses. The meta-analysis found a significantly elevated risk of both incident and prevalent CAD in patients with HS compared to individuals without psoriasis with the pooled risk ratio of 1.38 (95% CI, 1.21–1.58; I2 83%) and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.13–2.57; I2 89%), respectively. Limitations: Limited accuracy of diagnosis of HS and CSD as most included studies relied on diagnostic codes and high between-study statistical heterogeneity. Conclusions: The current systematic review and meta-analysis found a significantly increased risk of both prevalent and incident CAD among patients with HS.