Assessing Treatment Efficacy and Determinants of Outcome in Isoniazid Mono-resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Prospective Observational Study in Gujarat

Abstract

Introduction: There is a high number of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in India; estimates imply that over 25% of TB patients there are isoniazid-resistant. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy for patients with isoniazid-mono-resistant TB and the negative effects of the H-mono-resistant TB Regime. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective observational study from September 2021 to August 2022. Hence, 100 patients diagnosed with isoniazid mono-resistance TB enrolled in this study. After obtaining the prior informed consent of all patients willing to approve the collection and publication of their data, including extensive clinical history and radiological, microbiological, and biochemical investigations, this study included all diagnosed cases of isoniazid mono-resistant TB. A descriptive statistical analysis was done for continuous and categorical variables. Differences in characteristics between participants were tested with logistic regression and cross-tabulation. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 100 patients participated, their mean age was 50.8 ± 3.2 years. About 72 (72%) participants have successful treatment outcomes (cure). Only about 25 (25%) patients had minor adverse drug reactions. Body mass index (16.6 [3.6–74]), substance addiction history (9.5 [3.3–26.9]), previous history of TB (9 [3.3–24.0]), type of lesion (5.3 [1.6–17]), and extent of the lesion (2.6 [1.03–6.07]) in chest X-ray were associated statistically with the treatment outcome. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the H-mono-resistance regime is generally well-tolerated, with only a small percentage of patients experiencing nonserious adverse drug reactions, and the overall successful treatment outcome in H-mono patients was 72%. The study also highlights the importance of monitoring drug resistance patterns, particularly for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, and the need for effective treatment regimens for isoniazid mono-resistant pulmonary TB.