Long haul in asymptomatic and mild symptomatic COVID-19 patients: A community-based study in Northern India

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19, is a highly contagious disease caused by Novel Corona Virus SARS-Cov-2. After initial infection, most patients recover completely, but in some patients, symptoms may persist for variable duration. This study was planned to evaluate different persistent symptoms of long COVID among the people of Northern India, who had asymptomatic or mild disease during active infection stage. Methods: A cross sectional study was done in Chandigarh, India, during August 2021 to June 2022. A total of 647 recovered COVID-19 patients, who had suffered of COVID almost ≥3 months back were included in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was developed for the survey. Participants were followed up till 3 months. Results: Out of 647 subjects enrolled, 27.5% had some post-COVID symptoms. Among symptomatic, 55.1% were males and 44.9% were females. Post-COVID headache was significantly more common in females. Sleep disturbances and history of pain and pressure that spreads to arms were significantly more common among non-smokers. Sleep disturbances and change of appetite were significantly more common among non-alcohol users. Chest discomfort and change of appetite were found to be significantly more common among non-hypertensive subjects. Symptoms of chest discomfort, sleep disturbances, anxiety, feeling of sadness on daily basis and forgetfulness was significantly more common among subjects without underlying heart disease, while weakness among patients with underlying lung disease. Poor concentration was found to be significantly more common among patients without underlying lung disease and that in the age group 26-50 years, followed by 51-75 years and 76-100 years. Conclusion: This study attempted to assess the prevalence of post COVID complications among the asymptomatic and mild COVID patients. From the clinical point of view, physicians should be aware of the symptoms, signs, and biomarkers present in patients previously affected by COVID-19 to promptly assess, identify and halt long COVID-19 progression, minimize the risk of chronic effects and to re-establish pre-COVID-19 health.