Effect of the Combination of Exercise and Metformin on Osteocalcin, Insülin, Interleukin-6, Glucose Levels, and Body Weights in Rats

Abstract

Background: Exercise or exercise capacity is a vital physiological function. It is known that certain cytokines support muscle function during exercise and, as a result, increase exercise capacity. Aims: In this study, the effect of metformin administered in combination with exercise on osteocalcin (OCN), insulin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in rats was investigated. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into six groups: control (CONT), only exercise (EXE), metformin_100 mg/kg (Met100), metformin_200 mg/kg (Met200), metformin_100 mg/kg+exercise (Met100+EXE), and metformin_200 mg/kg+exercise (Met200+EXE). A 10-week intervention was conducted, excluding exercise training. During the experiment, the groups receiving metformin application (100 or 200 mg/kg) were administered with metformin. At the end of the study, serum samples were collected from the rats to determine the levels of osteocalcin, insulin, and IL-6 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. In addition, glucose levels and body weights were evaluated. GraphPad Prism was used for the analyses. Results: The OCN and insulin levels of the Met100+EXE and Met200+EXE groups were found to be higher compared to the CONT, Met100, and Met200 groups (P < 0.05). The IL-6 level of the EXE group was determined to be higher than that of the CONT, Met100, and Met200 groups (P < 0.01). It was observed that both exercise and the individual or combined application of metformin resulted in lower blood glucose levels compared to the CONT group. The mean body weight of the EXE group was higher than that of the other groups. Conclusion: The combined application of metformin and exercise has increased osteocalcin and insulin levels compared to metformin application alone.