Dimensional Approach to Gender Dysphoria in Nigeria: Association with Socio-Demographic and Psycho-Sexual Variables

Author:

Chikani UN1,Bisi-Onyemaechi AI2,Onu JU3,Nduagubam O4,Mbanefo NR5,Ohuche IO1,Chime PU6,Onyia JOT7,Ogugua CF8,Ugege MO9

Affiliation:

1. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria

2. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Neurology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria

3. Department of Mental Health, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

4. Department of Paediatrics, Enugu State Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria

5. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku- Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria

6. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria

7. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Nigeria, Ituku Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria

8. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria

9. Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University/Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching, Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Recent changes across the world with respect to gender transitioning of children and adolescents have generated a bio-psycho-socio-cultural discourse among interest groups. Aim: This study sought to examine gender dysphoric symptoms among adolescents and young persons in an African population, using a dimensional approach. Method: A total of 747 primary/secondary school and university students aged 10–24 years were studied using the 27-item Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults (GIDYQ-AA). Participants were divided into early, mid- and late adolescents. The composite and domain scores were calculated using the criteria described by Deogracias, and comparison of the median scores was done using Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis test as appropriate. Dunnett’s post-hoc test was used for pairwise comparisons. Results: The prevalence of self-identified transgender and self-reported non-heterosexuals was 0.9% (95%CI: 0.36–1.92) and 18.6% (15.85–21.59), respectively. The participants as a group scored 4.56 out of a possible 5 on the gender dysphoria scale, indicating less gender dysphoric symptoms in this cohort. However, participants in mid- and late adolescents had significantly lower scores when compared with early adolescents (P = 0.009). Self-reported transgender had significantly lower scores in the social (P = 0.001) and socio-legal (P < 0.001) indicators of the scale. Conclusion: The findings of this study, although, preliminary demonstrated less gender dysphoric symptoms in this cohort of Nigerian adolescents and young adults compared to the Western population. Nevertheless, some degree of GD was noticed, revealing that this condition is existent in our society.

Publisher

Medknow

Subject

General Medicine

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