Effect of Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe on Tracheal Perfusion Pressure and Ventilatory Parameters in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective Observational Study

Author:

Verma Abhishek1,Singh Guriqbal1,Trivedi Visharad1,Ramkiran KS1,Babu Mittapalli Jeevan1,Pandya Himani2,Pujara Jigisha1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

2. Department of Research, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Overinflation of cuffed endotracheal tubes and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe causes increased intracuff pressure (CP) compromising tracheal perfusion pressure (TPP). Primary objective of the study was to assess CP, TPP on TEE probe insertion and examination during pediatric cardiac surgeries. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the effect of the probe on peak airway pressures (Ppeak), mean airway pressures (Pmean) and to monitor CP, TPP on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included fifty patients, aged 1–5 years undergoing cardiac surgeries using CPB. Following induction, TEE probe was introduced. CP, TPP, Ppeak, Pmean were measured before insertion of TEE probe (T1), during probe insertion (T2) and examination at mid-esophageal (T3), transgastric level (T4), and on removing probe (T6). CP, TPP were monitored on CPB (T5). Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test. Results: CP, Ppeak and Pmean increased significantly, while TPP decreased significantly from T1 to T2, T3, T4 (P < 0.001). CP, TPP decreased significantly at T5 in comparison to T6 (P < 0.001). In 48% of the patients CP increased above 30 cm H2O at T2. Conclusion: TEE probe causes an increase in CP and decreases TPP. Constant monitoring and maintaining CP, TPP in optimum range is recommended.

Publisher

Medknow

Subject

Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,General Medicine

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