Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the Young

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, limited data are available about young patients (≤40 years) who present with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We compared demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcome in younger patients (≤40 years) versus older patients (>40 years) with OHCA. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a registry of patients hospitalized with OHCA over a 23-year period (1991–2013) in Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. Results: Of 1146 patients admitted to our institution with OHCA, 159 patients (13.9%) were 40 years of age or younger. Compared to the older group (>40 years), younger group patients were more likely to be males (84.9% vs. 71.5%; P = 0.001) and to be smokers (27.7% vs. 19.7%; P = 0.012). They are less likely to have diabetes (6.3% vs. 49.2%; P = 0.001), hypertension (8.3% vs. 49.9%; P = 0.001), prior myocardial infarction (3.1% vs. 23.4%; P = 0.001), or chronic renal disease (0% vs. 8.5%; P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in ejection fraction, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (13.2% vs. 15.7%; P = 0.41), utilization of inotropes (36.5% vs. 44%; P = 0.08), or utilization of reperfusion therapy (thrombolytic: 16.4% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.14, and percutaneous intervention: 6.3% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.60, for the younger and older groups, respectively); on the other hand, younger patients were more likely to receive antiarrhythmic medications (33.3% vs. 21.2%; P = 0.001). Inhospital mortality was lower in the younger group (52.1% vs. 68.3%; P = 0.001) even after adjustment for baseline variables. Conclusion: In the Middle East it is not uncommon to present with OHCA in young age. These patients are predominantly males, more likely to present with arrhythmia and they have a better survival rate.