Current concepts of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome therapy in degenerative rotator cuff tear arthropathy

Abstract

Abstract Ruptures of the rotator cuff are a prevalent issue that are responsible for a sizeable portion of the morbidity that affects the adult population. We can bring the high recurrence rate down by increasing our understanding of the method by which entheses recover. There have been several studies done on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their influence on the healing of wounds; nevertheless, there are several challenges associated with their application. Recent research has suggested that exosomes may be responsible for the beneficial effects of MSCs on wound healing. Researchers have discovered that exosomes can boost collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. This is accomplished by increasing the expression of mRNA for collagen 1 and elastin, as well as proteins that promote angiogenesis. As a result, scar formation is reduced and tissue regeneration is enhanced. Although there has only been a modest amount of study done on exosome functions and the potential roles they can play in wound healing, it is possible that exosomes are responsible for the underlying mechanisms that give MSCs their healing abilities. Because of this, it is necessary to conduct additional research on their capacity to speed up the healing process of the enthesis in rotator cuff models. When it comes to rotator cuff repair, more research is required to determine which distribution technique of exosomes is the most effective. These issues will be answered as further research and understanding of the role of exosomes is conducted, which will also lead to improvements in the efficiency of tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine.