The Effect of the Family-Centered Self-Care Program on the Health Literacy Level and Self-Efficacy of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome During Discharge from Hospital

Abstract

Background: One of the factors effective in controlling acute coronary syndrome (ACS) symptoms, such as heart failure, is sufficient knowledge of the disease, factors effective on its occurrence, and its prevention. Moreover, the improvement of self-efficacy, which is a predictor of important life factors in these patients, such as treatment process and quality of life (QOL), must be considered as one of the main goals of nursing care for these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the family-centered self-care program on the health literacy level and self-efficacy of patients with ACS during hospital discharge. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study performed with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with ACS hospitalized at Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan in 2020. Through the convenience sampling method, 50 patients were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, 6 sessions of 45–60 minutes of family-centered self-care intervention were held. The subjects completed the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test in the SPSS statistical software. Results: The mean score of health literacy did not significantly differ between the intervention and control groups before the intervention (p > 0.050). However, after the intervention, this rate was equal to 82.16 (7.94) and 60.85 (15.71) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, which was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean self-efficacy score before the intervention (p > 0.05). However, after the intervention, this score was significantly higher in the intervention group 34.71 (10.11) compared to the control group 35.22 (13.30). Conclusions: Family-centered self-care program after discharge, as a simple, applicable, and efficient method can improve the health literacy level and self-efficacy of patients with ACS.