Assessment of Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of Shoulder Mechanism

Abstract

Introduction: The thorax, clavicula, scapula and humerus comprise the finite element musculoskeletal model of the shoulder mechanism, which has been used to analyse its kinematic and dynamic behaviour. The study aims to reflect upon the analysis of the kinematic and dynamic behaviour of the shoulder mechanism. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant literature. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to search for literature published between 2000 and 2023. Results: The scapulothoracic gliding plane’s motion restrictions, which convert the shoulder girdle into a closed-chain mechanism, are represented in the model along with 16 muscles, 3 joints and 3 extracapsular ligaments. The locations of the humerus and shoulder girdle that were recorded in ten subjects during loaded and unloaded humeral abduction and anteflexion are the input variables. Conclusion: The length dependence of electromyography (EMG) amplitude and the unknown force-length relationship makes it difficult to compare muscle force predictions and EMG measurements. The conclusion is that complicated musculoskeletal models cannot be validated using EMG amplitude. The force and moment balance of the three joints are used to examine the function of the muscles. This model allows for an investigation of the function of morphological components and offers useful insight into the mechanics of the shoulder mechanism.