“If They Don’t Ask, We Don’t Share” – A Qualitative Study on Barriers and Facilitators to Discussing Mental Health with Obstetric Care Providers in Urban Anganwadis among Pregnant Women in India

Abstract

Abstract Background: Perinatal period is considered a high risk period for developing mental health problems. Screening for mental health problems is not routine in obstetric care settings in low and middle income countries. This qualitative study among low-income urban pregnant women in India aimed to understand the facilitators and barriers for discussing mental health problems with their obstetric health-care providers. Materials and Methods: Two focus group discussions with six pregnant women in each group were conducted using a semi structured interview guide. The transcribed data were translated to English and were analyzed and key themes were identified using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Participants had inadequate knowledge about the impact of maternal mental health problems on pregnancy, fetus and infant. The common barriers to discussing mental health problems were families normalizing mental stress, fear that family conflicts being revealed, stigma about being labeled mentally ill, lack of privacy in clinics and obstetric health-care providers being too busy. Women reported that being specifically asked about mental health problems as part of care and a sensitive attitude of the health-care providers encouraged them to discuss their concerns. Conclusion: This study identified more barriers than facilitators in discussing about mental health among pregnant women and the need for sensitive screening for mental health problems. To enhance screening and support for maternal mental health problems, it is necessary to increase awareness about the importance of mental health in the perinatal period among women and families. In addition, training obstetric health-care providers in sensitive screening for mental health problems, ensuring privacy in clinics and reducing stigma related to perinatal mental health problems.