Physiological effects of Meditation (Dhyana): A short review of study results from the past 5 years

Abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND: Examining meditation practices reveals its impact on modulating brain functions, controlling respiratory rates, and influencing immune functions. Through alterations in the physiological system, meditation has been shown to induce a state of relaxation, contributing to overall well-being. This study explores the physiological impacts of meditation based on recent research findings. OBJECTIVE: Meditation has emerged as a highly sought-after intervention in recent times. This review aims to consolidate and analyze the physiological outcomes of meditation research conducted over the past 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles were searched on PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords meditation and physiology. Relevant articles were extracted by applying the filter (2018–2023 or 5 years), and key findings from those articles were compiled and discussed. RESULTS: A total of nine articles (three in PubMed and six in Web of Science) were found published up to May 2023 having participants with n in the range of 1 to 128. The mindfulness meditation method was prevalent, whereas breathing awareness has been commonly featured in most studies. Meditation has been shown to facilitate physiological slow down as indicated by various markers utilized in research. It plays a positive role in regulating immune function, increasing alpha waves, enhancing right brain functionality, and reducing activity in the right amygdala and respiratory rate in healthy practitioners. Furthermore, it promotes parasympathetic activity, which contributes to lowering systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: This review highlights that meditation effectively mitigates physiological stress responses while promoting a state of relaxation. The compelling evidence underscores the potential for broader therapeutic and healthcare utilization of meditation practices.