Beyond blood sugar: Unraveling the complexities of liver and kidney health in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a formidable global health challenge, particularly with the alarming rise of type 2 diabetes. Projections indicate that by 2030, around 440 million individuals will grapple with type 2 diabetes, attributing this surge to urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity. The intricate relationship between diabetes, liver, and renal functions plays a crucial role in the disease’s progression and complications. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to explore the complex interplay between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), liver function, and renal health. Specific objectives include assessing abnormal liver function, evaluating kidney profile parameters, and examining the prevalence of anemia in T2DM patients. The study seeks to contribute insights that inform proactive management strategies for diabetes-related complications. Material and Methods: Conducted as a facility-based cross-sectional study from March to June 2022, 120 individuals with T2DM participated. The study focused on patients attending routine follow-ups at the Outpatient Department of general medicine in Santosh Hospital, SMCH, SDTU Ghaziabad. Rigorous assessments and statistical analyses were employed to examine gender distribution, liver and kidney profile parameters, and other relevant factors. Results: Among the notable findings, Table 1 reveals a significant gender distribution, with 51.8% males in the diabetes group. Liver profile parameters, including alkaline phosphates and albumin, exhibited statistically significant differences between diabetes and control groups. Kidney profile parameters also showed significant variations, emphasizing the intricate relationship between diabetes and renal complications. The study further explored differences between male and female patients in the control group, revealing significant variations in hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the prevalence of abnormal liver function in T2DM individuals, emphasizing the significance of early detection and tailored interventions. Kidney disorders and the often-overlooked complication of anemia further contribute to the complexity of health challenges faced by those with diabetes. The findings underscore the need for vigilant monitoring and comprehensive management strategies to enhance patient care in the face of this multifaceted health challenge.