Evaluation of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Patients

Abstract

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by the occurrence of a rotational type of vertigo and nystagmus due to the otoconia dislodgment from the utricle into semicircular canals. Repeated vertigo attacks reduce the quality of life by affecting the normal daily activities in the population of all age groups. The most accepted theory for BPPV is the displaced otoconia particle, which aggravates vertigo and nystagmus. The otoconia is made of calcium carbonate, which is regulated by calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D receptors are essential for calcium regulation and homeostasis. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to estimate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in BPPV patients and compare them with the healthy participants/control. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in south India. In Group A (case group), patients diagnosed with BPPV were included and their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured and compared with the healthy individuals’ serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in Group B (control group). Results: This study showed no significant difference in age and gender between the two groups (P = 0.99 and 0.323, respectively). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower in Group A than in Group B (P = 0.005). The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Group A was higher than that in Group B. Conclusion: There is an association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and BPPV patients. Further studies on Vitamin D supplementation in BPPV patients with long-term follow-up will be beneficial to know whether Vitamin D deficiency is an associated risk factor for BPPV.