New targeted pharmacotherapy and experimental therapies for inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Abstract “Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)” are idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The natural course of “IBD” may be chronic, progressive, or relapsing–remitting. The goal of IBD therapy is currently based on a “target-to-target” approach. “Moderate-to-severe IBD” patients often require long-term treatment with biologics to attain therapeutic targets. Although biologics work well, the primary and secondary nonresponses are still quite high. IBD patients experiencing biological failure led to progressive disease burden; development of complications; and poor physical, mental, and social health. The unmet therapeutic paradigm in IBD includes novel treatments that target distinct immunoinflammatory pathways with improved therapeutic response, safety, and tolerability. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and the reasons underlying treatment failure helps guide IBD therapy. In addition, various experimental treatments are beginning to be developed, such as stem cell therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, novel small-molecule medications, and gut microbiome modification. This paper reviews the most recent medicines added to the treatment arsenal for IBD, prospective new medications shortly, and experimental therapies that could provide physicians with various alternatives for managing patients clinically.