Frequency and Determinants of Depression in Hypothyroidism Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Several studies have reported a strong association between depression and hypothyroidism, including from several regions of Saudi Arabia. However, studies on the frequency of depression among patients with hypothyroidism from the Western region of Saudi Arabia is limited. Objectives: To determine the frequency and risk factors of depression among patients with hypothyroidism in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and included adult patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism. After contacting the patients through phone calls and obtaining their consent, a questionnaire weblink was sent. The first part of the questionnaire elicited details regarding demographics and history of hypothyroidism, while the second part comprised the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to evaluate depression. Results: A total of 100 patients completed the survey, of which 80% were found to have depression (mild: 35%, moderate: 26%, moderate to severe: 12, severe: 7%). There was no significant association between depression and gender, age group, employment status, and marital status. In the bivariate analysis, a significant association was found between depression and reporting fatigue (P < 0.001), constipation (P < 0.001), hair loss (P = 0.002), cold intolerance (P = 0.014), dry skin (P = 0.028), memory problems (P = 0.029), and menorrhagia (P = 0.037). However, in the multivariate analysis, only reporting fatigue was found to be significantly associated with depression (P = 0.040; OR = 15.215). Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of depression was very high among patients with hypothyroidism in the Western region of Saudi Arabia, and that fatigue is an independent risk factor of depression.