Distribution of Infectious Disease Outbreaks in India before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of National Weekly Surveillance Data

Abstract

Abstract National surveillance data were collected to study the outbreak trends of infectious diseases/syndromes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period, spanning from 2018 to 2022. The study found that out of 4208 outbreaks, 2972 occurred before the COVID-19 period, affecting 147,425 people, while 1236 outbreaks affected 52,324 people during the pandemic. The number of outbreaks for diseases such as acute flaccid paralysis, fever with rashes, leptospirosis, rabies, and scrub typhus increased during the pandemic. The geographic distribution of outbreaks remained similar for some reemerging diseases in both periods. The trends for dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and cholera remained consistent with peaks mostly from July to September in both periods. We observed a considerable reduction in morbidity and mortality due to outbreaks in India during the pandemic. Despite similar distributional patterns, the study indicates a strong suspicion of persistent outbreak-initiating factors, necessitating an efficient and vigilant surveillance system in the country.