Gastric cancer: Environmental risk factors, treatment, and prevention

Author:

Woodman Alexander1,Akhtar Mahmood2,Al-Jamea Lamiaa3,Sagher Malek4,Sager Mohamed5

Affiliation:

1. Postgraduate Studies and Research, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran

2. Department of Biomedical Research Administration, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam

3. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam

4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli

5. Department of Clinical Trials, Research Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam

Abstract

Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, aggressive disease that has been and remains one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths and a significant public health issue worldwide. Currently, gastric cancer shows decreasing trends in its incidence and mortality in some geographic areas; however, the disease still shows a poor prognosis and remains difficult to cure. The prognosis for gastric cancer patients depends on the stage at which the gastric cancer is detected, and complete excision of the cancer is the only proven curative option. Gastric cancer prevention remains a priority. Patients at higher risk should be screened for early detection and chemoprophylaxis. Surgical resection enhanced by standardized lymphadenectomy remains the gold standard in the treatment of gastric cancer. Systemic therapy improves long-term disease-free survival compared to surgical treatment alone. Palliative chemotherapy in patients with inoperable gastric cancer prolongs survival and improves the quality of life. Demographic, ecological, environmental, cultural, and genetic variables all contribute to the heterogeneity of gastric cancer; however, environmental risk factors play an important role throughout all the stages of the disease progression, management, and surveillance. In this review, we address the role of important environmental risk factors in the onset of gastric cancer and highlight the current treatment modalities and prevention measures.

Publisher

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Subject

Computer Science Applications,History,Education

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1. Surviving through the COVID-19 pandemic!;Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences;2020-09

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