Acute Kidney Injury in Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Tuberculosis, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Tuberculosis Patients on Treatment and its Association with Host Predicting Factors, in South-West Region of Cameroon

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and severity of kidney injury and explore the host factors to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) among tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and TB/HIV patients on the treatment in Fako Division of Cameroon. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out from September 2018 to November 2019. Serum creatinine and urea were measured spectrophotometrically. The Chi-square test with cox regression was used to assess the association between the risk factors and AKI. RESULTS: The overall incidence of AKI and renal injury was 21.4%–41.4%, respectively. Stage 1 AKI as well as mild renal injury was more prevailing among the HIV-infected patients; 10.5% versus 31.4%. The highest incidences; 30.0% AKI, and 53.0% renal injury were recorded amongst those with TB/HIV coinfections and HIV mono-infections, respectively. Persons who were ≥40 years and those with low baseline hemoglobin levels were two times and two and half times more likely to develop AKI compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative incidence of AKI in patients on treatment was high. Thus, it is important to evaluate the renal function of patients before treatment within the first 2 weeks of treatment.