Giant pituitary adenomas

Abstract

Giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) are a subset of pituitary tumors characterized by their large size and invasive nature. Diverse surgical techniques including microscopic transsphenoidal, endoscopic transsphenoidal, transcranial transcavernous, and a combination of both suprasellar and infrasellar techniques have been developed to treat such giant tumors with extension into surrounding structures. In this review, we attempt to summarize the different operative strategies, nuances, the pearls and pitfalls of different techniques, and the outcome following surgery for GPAs.