A clinical study on incidence, risk factors, presenting conditions, and outcome of various surgical procedures in the management of pilonidal sinus

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Pilonidal disease encompasses pilonidal abscess, pilonidal sinus, and pilonidal cyst, among other things. Pilonidal disease is a condition that is rarely mentioned. Extranatal sites have been reported in addition to the natal cleft. Because of multiple predisposing conditions, it is an acquired condition. This is a prospective comparative study designed to compare the outcomes of several surgical methods for the treatment of pilonidal disease in terms of hospital stay, complications, morbidity, and recurrence rate. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients attending a rural tertiary care hospital from January 2019 to May 2020 were investigated in this prospective comparative study. Patients between the ages of 15 and 50 years who had a discharge with or without edema and/or pain in the gluteal region were included. The study participants were asked to provide a detailed history, comprehensive clinical examination, information of investigations, surgery performed, and follow-up on histopathology results. Results: The majority of the study participants (40%; n = 20) were between the ages of 20 and 30 years. The male-to-female ratio was estimated to be around 5:1. The most prevalent symptom is pain (92%), followed by previous intervention (90%) and edema (8%). The majority of patients complained of pain in the gluteal area. The individuals who developed an abscess complained of discomfort, swelling, and drainage. Conclusion: The symptoms of pilonidal sinus range from a painful discharging sinus to an acute abscess. The goals of pilonidal disease care should include conservative management as well as definitive surgical treatment.