Dermatoglyphic Pattern Assessment in Smokeless Tobacco Users in the North Gujarat Population: A Comparative Case–Control Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dermatoglyphic patterns identify genetic conditions as they develop early in pregnancy and remain constant throughout life. Multiple studies suggest that there is a genetic link to smokeless tobacco use. So, this study has been conducted to assess dermatoglyphic patterns among smokeless tobacco users in the North Gujarat population with nonconsumers Materials and Methods: A total of 500 cases were investigated for “ATD” angle and patterns, of which 250 subjects of smokeless tobacco are assessed for statistical significance via comparing them to 250 subjects of nonconsumers. Student’s t-test was employed for evaluating quantitative factors (also known as the “ATD” angle), and the Chi-square test was used to analyze qualitative variables (also known as fingerprint patterns). A P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results: In this study, the angle “ATD” was found to be reduced in both the palms of males (P 0.001) and females (P 0.001) when compared to controls, which was statistically highly significant. In our study, we discovered that the number of whorls and arches is lower in male cases as compared to male controls, which is highly significant (P = 0.020 and P = 0.010). Male cases had a greater number of loops than male controls, which was statistically significantly greater (P 0.001) Conclusion: In this latest study, an association between smokeless tobacco users and palmar dermatoglyphics was identified. Though dermatoglyphics solely is unable to identify individuals who abuse alcohol and/or cigarette packs, the results of this research could serve to further develop diagnostic guidelines.